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Serving cities

Most of the world’s rapidly growing cities are in low-income countries where authorities and utilities can have limited capacity to plan for and control urban expansion and its impacts on water and energy demand.

 

Consumption can be reduced, and supplies made more reliable, by such practices as using multiple water sources, including rainwater harvesting and wastewater reuse, and only treating water to be ready for its intended use, rather than treating all water to a safe drinking standard. Removing biosolids from wastewater and using them for cooking or heating, for example, can help replace fossil fuels and reduce the amount of processing at the wastewater treatment plant.